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| Glossary |
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- Biomechanics -
The study of the effects of internal and external forces of the human body
in movement and at rest.
- Bursitis -
An inflammation or irritation of a bursa. Bursae are small lubricating pads
or sacs located between bones, tendons and muscles. They allow for unimpeded
gliding between these structures. The condition is sometimes the result of
over exertion of repetitive motion at that joint.
- Cumulative
Trauma Disorder-
Is a health disorder resulting from repeated mechanical stress on bodily tissues
due to ergonomic hazards.
- Ergonomics-
Is the science of how humans interface with their environment.
- Fibrosis-
The formation or proliferation of fibrous connective tissue of scar tissue
that replaces normal tissue that is lost to injury or infection. The normal
tissue may be from muscle of organs in the body.
- Herniated
Disc-A rupture of the fibrocartilage
surrounding an intervertebral disc, releasing the nucleus pulposus that cushions
the vertebrae above and below. The resultant pressure on spinal nerve roots
may cause radiating pain into extremities and damage to the nerves. The condition
is most common in the lumbar region.
- Inflammation-
A protective response of the tissues of the body to irritation, injury or
infection. It is characterized by redness, heat, swelling and pain. The condition
may be chronic or acute.
- Myalgia-
A condition involving diffuse muscle pain. It may be accompanied by malaise
due to some infectious agent. It may occur in muscle conditions like fibromyositis
and thyroid disease.
- Necrosis-
Localized tissue death that takes place in groups of cells in response to
injury or disease. The process usually takes place in conditions of oxygen
deprivation (ischemia) or bacterial action.
- Noise-Induced
Hearing Loss-A sensorineural
hearing loss caused by repeated exposure to high intensity sound levels. Noise
induced hearing loss is characterized by irreversible damage to the sensory
hair cells located within the inner ear. The condition is usually prevented
by limiting noise exposures or by using personal hearing protective devices.
(From: Worker Healthbook, 2000; National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health)
- Pneumoconiosis-
Refers to any condition of the lung caused by the chronic inhalation of dust,
particularly mineral dusts of occupational and environmental origin. Silicosis
and asbestosis are types of pneumoconioses.
- Raynaud's
disease- severe paroxysmal vascular
disorder causing disturbances of the circulation in the extremities.
- Sarcoidosis- A
chronic disorder characterized by the formation of tubercles of epitheliloid
tissue; the epithelium forms the covering of the internal and external organs
of the body, including the lining of vessels. The disease commonly affects
tissues of the liver, lungs, spleen, skin, mucous membranes, salivary and
lymph glands. The lesions may disappear over time and progress to an inflammatory
condition and fibrosis.
- Silicosis- A
chronic inflammatory condition of the lung caused by the continuous long-term
inhalation of silicon dioxide dust, an inorganic compound found in sands and
many other stones. The condition is characterized by nodular fibrosis in the
lungs and, in severe cases, may lead to shortness of breath (dyspnea). Silicosis
tends to arise from occupational exposure and is especially incident in industrial
workers involved in the manufacturing processes utilizing ceramics, sand,
quartz and stone. Mining is implicated in less than 10 per cent of the cases.
- Tendonitis-
A condition involving inflammation of tendons. Tendons are thick fibrous cords
that attach muscles to bone. They function to assist the muscle in movement
of the bones.
- Torticolis-
Muscle spasm and stiffness in the cervical region. Is also known as wryneck.
The condition tends to cause the head to be inclined to one side from muscle
contraction on that side. It may be congenital or acquired.
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